237 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
237 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
# 🔥 Laser CANbus Toolhead PCB
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*🇩🇪 Deutsche Version: [README.de.md](README.de.md)*
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A compact, robust toolhead board for Klipper-based laser engravers and cutters (CoreXY). This board integrates power supply, laser driver logic, CAN-Bus communication, and input shaping (ICM-20602) in the smallest possible space.
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## 📚 Contents
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<!-- @import "[TOC]" {cmd="toc" depthFrom=1 depthTo=6 orderedList=false} -->
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<!-- code_chunk_output -->
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- [🔥 Laser CANbus Toolhead PCB](#-laser-canbus-toolhead-pcb)
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- [📚 Contents](#-contents)
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- [✨ Features](#-features)
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- [🧠 Microcontroller](#-microcontroller)
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- [🔗 CAN-Bus Communication](#-can-bus-communication)
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- [📊 Input Shaping](#-input-shaping)
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- [⚡ Laser Power Control](#-laser-power-control)
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- [🎛️ Laser Signal Control](#️-laser-signal-control)
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- [🔌 Power Supply](#-power-supply)
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- [🚨 Diagnostics & Monitoring](#-diagnostics--monitoring)
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- [📋 Klipper Configuration](#-klipper-configuration)
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- [Basic MCU Setup](#basic-mcu-setup)
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- [Input Shaping (ICM-20602)](#input-shaping-icm-20602)
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- [Laser Control](#laser-control)
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- [🔌 Pinout & Connector Assignment](#-pinout--connector-assignment)
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- [J101 - Power & CAN Input (Micro-Fit 3.0, 2x2, THT)](#j101---power--can-input-micro-fit-30-2x2-tht)
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- [J102 - Laser Output (Micro-Fit 3.0, 1x3, THT)](#j102---laser-output-micro-fit-30-1x3-tht)
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- [Debug/Programming Header (Back Side)](#debugprogramming-header-back-side)
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- [🔧 Installation & Setup](#-installation--setup)
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- [1. CAN-Bus Configuration](#1-can-bus-configuration)
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- [2. Firmware Flash](#2-firmware-flash)
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- [3. Find UUID](#3-find-uuid)
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- [⚠️ Safety Notes](#️-safety-notes)
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- [🛠️ BOM (Bill of Materials) - Highlights](#️-bom-bill-of-materials---highlights)
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- [🛠️ Technical Specifications](#️-technical-specifications)
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- [📝 Changelog](#-changelog)
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- [Rev. 1](#rev-1)
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- [Rev. 0 (Initial Release)](#rev-0-initial-release)
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- [📚 Additional Resources](#-additional-resources)
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<!-- /code_chunk_output -->
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## ✨ Features
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### 🧠 Microcontroller
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- **MCU:** STM32F072CBU6 (Cortex-M0, 48MHz, CAN-capable)
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- **Stability:** 12MHz crystal for maximum CAN-Bus stability
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- **Firmware:** Klipper-compatible
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### 🔗 CAN-Bus Communication
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- **Transceiver:** SN65HVD230 with ESD protection
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- **Termination:** Split termination via solder jumper
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- **Slope Control:** Switchable for EMI optimization
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### 📊 Input Shaping
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- **Sensor:** On-board ICM-20602 accelerometer/gyroscope (SPI)
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- **Purpose:** Klipper resonance measurement for perfect print quality
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- **Advantage:** Better availability and modern sensor technology
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### ⚡ Laser Power Control
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- **Circuit:** 24V / 6A High-Side Switch (CJAC70P06 P-MOSFET, 60V rated)
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- **Peak Current:** 8A capability
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- **Soft-Start:** Limits inrush current (Rise-time ~1.2ms)
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- **Safety:** Hardware pull-down prevents unwanted activation
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- **Limitation:** Max 6A limited by Micro Fit 3.0 connector with 0.75mm² wire
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### 🎛️ Laser Signal Control
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- **PWM:** 5V Level-shifted via 74AHCT1G125 buffer
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- **Quality:** Clean edges, true hardware PWM via STM32 timer
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- **Compatibility:** Common diode lasers
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### 🔌 Power Supply
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- **Input:** 24V with 250mA PTC fuse and SMF24A TVS diode
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- **5V Rail:** MP2459 Buck converter (up to 60V input tolerant)
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- **3.3V Rail:** XC6206 LDO for MCU and peripherals
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### 🚨 Diagnostics & Monitoring
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- **Power LEDs:** 24V In, 24V Sys, 5V, 3.3V
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- **Status LEDs:** Laser Enable, Laser PWM, Heartbeat
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## 📋 Klipper Configuration
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### Basic MCU Setup
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```ini
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[mcu toolhead]
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canbus_uuid: <your-uuid> # Find with "ls /dev/serial/by-id/*" or "~/klippy-env/bin/python ~/klipper/scripts/canbus_query.py can0"
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[temperature_sensor toolhead_mcu]
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sensor_type: temperature_mcu
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sensor_mcu: toolhead
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```
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### Input Shaping (ICM-20602)
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```ini
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[mpu9250]
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cs_pin: toolhead:PA4
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spi_bus: spi1
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#axes_map: x,y,z # Configure according to your printer orientation
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[resonance_tester]
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accel_chip: mpu9250
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probe_points:
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150, 150, 20 # Adjust to your bed size
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```
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### Laser Control
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```ini
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# Laser PWM Signal
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[output_pin laser_pwm]
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pin: toolhead:PB14
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pwm: True
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cycle_time: 0.001 # 1kHz PWM frequency
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shutdown_value: 0 # Safety: laser off during emergency
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# Laser Enable (optional)
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[output_pin laser_enable]
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pin: toolhead:PB15
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value: 0
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shutdown_value: 0
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# Heartbeat LED (optional)
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[output_pin heartbeat]
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pin: toolhead:PA9
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pwm: True
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cycle_time: 1.0
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```
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## 🔌 Pinout & Connector Assignment
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### J101 - Power & CAN Input (Micro-Fit 3.0, 2x2, THT)
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| Pin | Signal | Description |
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|-----|---------|-------------|
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| 1 | **+24V** | Main power input (High Current) |
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| 2 | **GND** | Ground |
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| 3 | **CAN_H** | CAN-Bus High Signal |
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| 4 | **CAN_L** | CAN-Bus Low Signal |
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### J102 - Laser Output (Micro-Fit 3.0, 1x3, THT)
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| Pin | Signal | Description |
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|-----|---------|-------------|
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| 1 | **GND** | Laser Ground |
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| 2 | **PWM** | 5V PWM Signal (Level-Shifted) |
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| 3 | **+24V** | Switched Laser Power (Soft-Start) |
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### Debug/Programming Header (Back Side)
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| Pad | Pin | Signal | Function |
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|-----|-----|---------|----------|
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| 1 | - | **5V** | 5V Supply (from Programmer) |
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| 2 | - | **3.3V** | VTref (Reference Voltage) |
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| 3 | PA13 | **SWDIO** | Serial Wire Debug I/O |
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| 4 | PA14 | **SWCLK** | Serial Wire Debug Clock |
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| 5 | - | **NRST** | Reset Signal |
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| 6 | - | **GND** | Ground |
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> **💡 Bootloader Mode:** To force the STM32 into DFU/Bootloader mode (e.g., for initial flash with Katapult), bridge the **BOOT0** pad with **3.3V** during power-on.
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## 🔧 Installation & Setup
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### 1. CAN-Bus Configuration
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- Set CAN-Bus termination according to position in network
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- Baud rate: 1 Mbit/s (Klipper standard)
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### 2. Firmware Flash
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1. Put board into DFU mode (bridge BOOT0)
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2. Compile Klipper for STM32F072 with CAN support
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3. Flash firmware: `make flash FLASH_DEVICE=<dfu-device>`
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### 3. Find UUID
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```bash
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~/klippy-env/bin/python ~/klipper/scripts/canbus_query.py can0
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```
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## ⚠️ Safety Notes
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- **Laser Safety:** Always wear protective eyewear
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- **Power Supply:** Only operate with 24V DC
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- **Initial Setup:** Slowly ramp up laser power
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- **Emergency:** Hardware pull-down ensures safe state
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## 🛠️ BOM (Bill of Materials) - Highlights
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| Component | Value/Type | Function | Package | Order Code |
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|-----------|------------|----------|---------|------------|
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| **U101** | STM32F072CBU6 | Main Microcontroller | UFQFPN-48 | STM32F072CBU6 |
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| **U102** | MP2459GJ-Z | Buck Converter 24V→5V | TSOT-23-8 | MP2459GJ-Z |
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| **U105** | SN65HVD230DR | CAN-Bus Transceiver | SOIC-8 | SN65HVD230DR |
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| **U106** | ICM-20602 | 6-Axis IMU (Accelerometer/Gyroscope) | LGA-16 | ICM-20602 |
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| **Q101** | CJAC70P06 | P-MOSFET (Laser Switch, 60V) | SOIC-8 | CJAC70P06 |
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| **D101** | SMF24A | TVS Diode (Overvoltage Protection) | DO-214AC | SMF24A |
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| **F101** | 1812L025 | PTC Fuse 250mA | 1812 | 1812L025 |
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| **Y101** | 12MHz | Crystal for CAN Stability | HC-49/S | 12MHz Crystal |
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| **J101/J102** | Micro-Fit 3.0 | THT Connectors | THT | Micro-Fit 3.0 THT |
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## 🛠️ Technical Specifications
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| Parameter | Value | Unit |
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|-----------|-------|------|
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| **Input Voltage** | 24 ± 2 | V |
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| **Laser Current (max)** | 4 | A |
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| **CAN Baud Rate** | 1 | Mbit/s |
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| **PWM Frequency** | 1 | kHz |
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| **Soft-Start Time** | ~1.2 | ms |
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| **Operating Temperature** | -10 to +70 | °C |
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| **Dimensions** | TBD | mm |
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## 📝 Changelog
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### Rev. 1
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- **Transistor Upgrade:** Replaced MOSFET with CJAC70P06 (60V voltage rating)
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- **Sensor Upgrade:** Changed from ADXL345 to ICM-20602 (better availability, modern 6-axis IMU)
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- **Connector Change:** Micro Fit 3.0 connectors changed from SMD to THT mounting
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- **Silkscreen Enhancement:** Added connector pin assignments to silkscreen for easier assembly
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- **Layout Improvements:** Cleaned up component placement and optimized routing
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- **Documentation:** Updated overview image to reflect current design
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- **BOM Update:** Added component order numbers and updated production data
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- **Production Files:** Updated assembly and production files with current components
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### Rev. 0 (Initial Release)
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- Initial PCB design with STM32F072CBU6 microcontroller
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- CAN-Bus communication with SN65HVD230 transceiver
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- 24V/4A laser power control with AO4407A MOSFET
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- ADXL345 accelerometer for input shaping
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- MP2459 buck converter for power supply
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## 📚 Additional Resources
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- [Klipper Documentation](https://www.klipper3d.org/Config_Reference.html)
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- [CAN-Bus Setup Guide](https://www.klipper3d.org/CANBUS.html)
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- [Input Shaping](https://www.klipper3d.org/Resonance_Compensation.html)
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- [Katapult Firmware Flasher](https://github.com/Arksine/katapult) |